??i???p vi??n Ho??n h???o: Richard Sorge,

Thứ sáu - 12/07/2019 07:24

V???i cu???c ?????i ?????i ?????u v??? h??? t?? t?????ng v?? ?????a ch??nh tr???, th??? k??? 20 l?? b???i c???nh t??? nhi??n cho c??c ho???t ?????ng gi??n ??i???p. Nh???ng k??? ho???ch ???????c h??nh th??nh ??? c??c ?????i s??? qu??n, qu??n bar v?? h???i qu??n b?? m???t ???? quy???t ?????nh s??? ph???n c??c qu???c gia, khi???n cho c??ng vi???c gi??n ??i???p tr??? n??n quan tr???ng t???t c??ng. V?? trong s??? h???, Richard Sorge c?? l??? l?? ng?????i gi???i nh???t

??i???p vi??n Ho??n h???o: Richard Sorge, Tr??m Gi??n ??i???p c???a Stalin
An Impeccable Spy: Richard Sorge, Stalin???s Master Agent. T??c gi???: Owen Matthews. Bloomsbury; 448 trang ; Gi??: $30 v?? ??25.
V???i cu???c ?????i ?????i ?????u v??? h??? t?? t?????ng v?? ?????a ch??nh tr???, th??? k??? 20 l?? b???i c???nh t??? nhi??n cho c??c ho???t ?????ng gi??n ??i???p. Nh???ng k??? ho???ch ???????c h??nh th??nh ??? c??c ?????i s??? qu??n, qu??n bar v?? h???i qu??n b?? m???t ???? quy???t ?????nh s??? ph???n c??c qu???c gia, khi???n cho c??ng vi???c gi??n ??i???p tr??? n??n quan tr???ng t???t c??ng. V?? trong s??? h???, Richard Sorge c?? l??? l?? ng?????i gi???i nh???t. ??ng l?? ???m???t c?? nh??n kh??ng ho??n h???o, nh??ng l?? m???t ??i???p vi??n ho??n h???o???d??ng c???m, t??i n??ng, v?? ki??n nh???n???, theo Owen Matthews trong c??u chuy???n th?? v??? v?? c???m ?????ng v??? cu???c ?????i c???a Sorge.
Cu???n ???An Impeccable Spy: Richard Sorge, Stalin???s Master Agent??? (??i???p vi??n Ho??n h???o: Richard Sorge, Tr??m Gi??n ??i???p c???a Stalin) l?? c??u chuy???n v??? c??c bi???n c??? c???a th???i k?? n??y, v?? Sorge l?? m???t hi???n th??n ho??n h???o. M???t ng?????i v???i l??ng t??? ki??u v?? qu??? c???m, ??ng hi sinh v?? m???t l?? t?????ng ngh??? nghi???p m?? t??? l??u ???? kh??ng c??n.
Sinh n??m 1895 trong m???t gia ????nh c?? b??? ng?????i ?????c v?? m??? ng?????i Nga, Sorge, gi???ng nhi???u ch??ng trai tr??? kh??c c???a th??? h??? ????, tr??? n??n bi quan sau tr???i nghi???m trong nh???ng chi???n h??o c???a Th??? Chi???n I. Sau khi h???i ph???c v???t th????ng trong b???nh vi???n, Sorge b???t ?????u quan t??m t???i Marx. Ch??? ngh??a c???ng s???n ???? m?? ho???c ??ng: l?? t?????ng c???ng s???n ph?? h???p v???i vi???n t?????ng c???a ??ng v??? b???n th??n m??nh.
C??c ho???t ?????ng c???a Sorge d???n ??ng t???i Moskva v?? Qu???c t??? c???ng s???n (Comintern), c?? quan qu???c t??? c???a c??c ?????ng C???ng s???n, ???c??u l???c b??? b?? m???t nh???t c???a c??ch m???ng th??? gi???i???. ??ng ???????c c??? ?????n Th?????ng H???i, m???t th??nh ph??? thu???c ?????a n??i ??ng u???ng r?????u v?? ??n ch??i nh?? m???t ???tay t?? s???n h???i ngo???i bi???n ch???t???, Matthews vi???t. ???Sorge r???t th??ch vai m??nh ph???i ????ng gi???.???
Nh??ng ho???t ?????ng c???a Sorge c?? ???nh h?????ng l???n nh???t khi ??ng t???i Nh???t B???n n??m 1933. V???i m???t cu???c chi???n m???i ??ang d???n h??nh th??nh, gi???i l??nh ?????o Li??n X?? ?????c bi???t quan t??m t???i c??c li??n minh v?? tham v???ng qu??n s??? c???a Nh???t B???n. Li???u Tokyo c?? t??m c??ch ????nh v??? ph??a Nam ????? ti???n s??u v??o Ch??u ??, hay ti???n v??? ph??a B???c v??o Siberia? K??? ho???ch th??? hai ch???c ch???n s??? k???t li???u Li??n X??, m???t ?????t n?????c c??n non tr??? v?? ch??a ???n ?????nh, v???i qu??n ?????i ch??a ???????c th??? s???c v?? b??? l??m cho suy y???u b???i c??c cu???c thanh tr???ng c???a Stalin. C???p tr??n c???a Sorge ??? Moskva???T???ng c???c 4 c???a B??? Tham m??u H???ng qu??n Li??n X????????? ra l???nh cho Sorge t??m l???i gi???i ????p cho c??u h???i n??y trong v??ng t??m n??m ti???p theo.
Sorge ???? th???c hi???n nhi???m v??? n??y m???t c??ch li???u l??nh. ??ng nh???y ?????m v???i c??c qu?? c?? ??? nh???ng b???a ti???c c???a c??c ?????i s??? qu??n t???i Tokyo v?? tr??? n??n n???i ti???ng trong c??c qu??n bar ??? Ginza. M???t ph??ng vi??n M??? t???ng n??i r???ng ?????ng ???y gi???ng nh?? m???t tay ch??i, kh??c h???n v???i h??nh ???nh c???a m???t gi??n ??i???p c???n m???n v?? nguy hi???m.???
Nh??ng Sorge ch??nh l?? tay gi??n ??i???p ????. Sorge l??m b???n v???i m???t s?? quan qu??n ?????i ?????c t??n l?? Eugen Ott???sau khi ???? quy???n r?? v??? c???a anh ta, m???t chi??u b??i th?????ng th???y ??? Sorge. Ott d???n th??ng quan ti???n ch???c r???i tr??? th??nh ?????i s??? c???a Hitler ??? Tokyo. Nh?? Matthews ch??? ra, Sorge l?? m???t ??i???p vi??n th??nh c??ng kh??ng ph???i nh??? ??n c???p b?? m???t m?? l?? nh??? trao ?????i b?? m???t. Nh??? m???t th??nh vi??n trong m???ng l?????i gi??n ??i???p ???????c c??i l??m c??? v???n cho th??? t?????ng Nh???t B???n, Sorge c?? ???????c th??ng tin m???t v??? ch??nh tr??? n???i b??? Nh???t B???n; ??ng truy???n nh???ng th??ng tin n??y cho Ott ????? ?????i l???i nh???ng tin m???i nh???t t??? Berlin v??? chi???n l?????c c???a Ph??t x??t ?????c. Nh???ng th??ng tin t??nh b??o n??y sau ???? ???????c ??i???n v??? Moskva.
Nh??ng cu???n ?????i???p vi??n Ho??n h???o??? c??ng n??i r?? r???ng tin t??nh b??o ch??? t???t n???u ???????c di???n gi???i ????ng. ??? Moskva nh???ng n??m 1930, m???c ti??u ch??nh c???a c??c th??nh vi??n trong ?????ng C???ng s???n l?? t??m c??ch s???ng s??t. N??m l??nh ?????o li??n ti???p c???a T???ng c???c 4 ?????u b??? x??? b???n trong c??c cu???c thanh tr???ng. Nh???ng ng?????i s???ng s??t c??n l???i ch??? c??n c??ch duy nh???t ????? tr??nh s??? ph???n t????ng t??? l?? n??i nh???ng g?? Stalin mu???n nghe: r???ng Hitler s??? kh??ng x??m l?????c Li??n X??, v?? nh???ng th??ng tin t??nh b??o tr??i ng?????c ?????u n???m trong chi???n d???ch g??y nhi???u th??ng tin c???a ?????ch.
Sorge nh???n ???????c th??ng tin v??? ??m m??u x??m l?????c t??? Ott v?? c??c ngu???n ng?????i ?????c c???a ??ng. V?? v???y, Sorge t??m c??ch b??o ?????ng c???p tr??n, nh??ng ?????u b??? Moskva ph???t l???. ??ng c??n bi???t ?????n Chi???n d???ch Barbarossa, k??? ho???ch x??m l?????c Li??n X?? c???a ?????c, v?? b??o v???i Moskva r???ng ???95% kh??? n??ng s??? x???y ra chi???n tranh???, ?????ng th???i ch??? r?? r???ng l???c l?????ng Ph??t x??t s??? m??? chi???n d???ch v??o ng??y 15 th??ng 6. (??ng l???ch m???t tu???n: cu???c x??m l?????c b???t ?????u ng??y 22 th??ng 6). Stalin ??i???n l???i: ???????ng nghi. ????a v??o m???c nh???ng b???c ??i???n v???i ?? ????? g??y khi??u kh??ch.???
M???c d?? v???y, tin t??nh b??o c???a Sorge d?????ng nh?? ???? c?? vai tr?? quy???t ?????nh c???c di???n cu???c chi???n???c???u s???ng kh??ng ch??? Li??n X?? m?? c?? l??? to??n b??? th??? gi???i. V??o th??ng 9 n??m 1941, ??ng b??o r???ng Nh???t nhi???u kh??? n??ng s??? kh??ng t???n c??ng v??ng Vi???n ????ng Nga, ngh??a l?? Stalin c?? th??? ??i???u m???t n???a l???c l?????ng H???ng Qu??n ??? Siberia sang m???t tr???n ph??a T??y.
M???t th??ng sau, v???n may c???a Sorge ???? h???t, ??ng c??ng c??c th??nh vi??n kh??c c???a nh??m Tokyorezidentura b??? b???t b???i c???nh s??t Nh???t. Moskva kh??ng m???y b???n t??m t???i vi???c n??y: ng?????i c?? th??? ???? c???u s???ng c??? ?????t n?????c ???? nhanh ch??ng b??? b??? r??i. ??ng ng???i t?? ba n??m ??? nh?? t?? Sugamo ch??? ?????i s??? ph???n: t??? h??nh b???ng treo c???. M???t phi??n d???ch ng?????i ?????c, ng?????i gi??? di ch??c c???a Sorge, n??i r???ng ??ng gi???ng ???m???t ng?????i t??? h??o v?? ???? ho??n th??nh m???t c??ng vi???c v?? ?????i v?? ???? s???n s??ng r???i cu???c ch??i???. Matthews ???? mi??u t??? Sorge m???t c??ch t????ng x???ng: t??o b???o, kh?? th??? v?? b??? ??m ???nh b???i nh???ng s??? ??i??n r??? v?? bi k???ch c???a th???i ?????i ????.
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